Global military spending now reaches into the trillions of dollars each year. Meanwhile, peacebuilding—the work that prevents violence before it starts—receives only a fraction of that investment. This imbalance persists despite a growing body of evidence showing that…
A real opportunity for dialogue exists today, and squandering it may make a solution harder and costlier. The longer a solution is delayed, the more complex the crisis becomes, with the war continuing and regional and international interventions accelerating. Why…
Ethiopia fielded one of Africa’s largest armies in 1961–91 and still lost Eritrea. The 2020–22 Tigray war ended at the negotiating table in Pretoria, after enormous loss of life, a famine and economic damage that still weigh on the country. As federal…
AU, ECOWAS, GCC, ASEAN security coordination and diplomacy.
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